:root {
    /* ======== THEME COLORS ======== */
    /* Theme: Cyber Blue (Active) */
    --theme-primary-r: 0;
    --theme-primary-g: 123;
    --theme-primary-b: 255;
    --theme-secondary-r: 0;
    --theme-secondary-g: 229;
    --theme-secondary-b: 255;
    --theme-image-filter: invert(1) sepia(0.4) hue-rotate(180deg) brightness(1.1) contrast(1.3);

    /* Constructed Colors (Do not change directly) */
    --primary-color: rgb(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b));
    --primary-glow: rgba(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b), 0.4);
    --secondary-color: rgb(var(--theme-secondary-r), var(--theme-secondary-g), var(--theme-secondary-b));
    --bg-color: #0a0f1a;
    /* Deep navy */
    --surface-color: rgba(16, 24, 40, 0.75);
    /* Glassmorphism base - increased opacity for readability */
    --surface-border: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);

    /* Mars Red/Orange */


    --text-color: #e2e8f0;
    --text-muted: #94a3b8;
    --font-heading: 'Outfit', sans-serif;
    --font-body: 'Inter', sans-serif;
    --transition: all 0.3s ease;
    --bento-height: 250px;

    /* Adjust this value to change all Research box heights */
    /* Base Styles & Utilities */
    * {
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
        box-sizing: border-box;
    }

    html {
        scroll-behavior: smooth;
    }

    body {
        font-family: var(--font-body);
        background-color: var(--bg-color);
        color: var(--text-color);
        line-height: 1.6;
        overflow-x: hidden;
    }

    .subsection-title {
        font-size: 2.2rem;
        font-weight: 800;
        color: #fff;
        margin-bottom: 30px;
        position: relative;
        display: inline-block;
    }

    /* Custom List Items for Research / Overview */
    .custom-bullet-list {
        list-style: none;
        margin-top: 20px;
        padding-left: 5px;
    }

    .custom-bullet-list li {
        position: relative;
        padding-left: 20px;
        margin-bottom: 12px;
        color: var(--text-muted);
        font-size: 1.1rem;
        line-height: 1.6;
    }

    .custom-bullet-list li::before {
        content: '';
        position: absolute;
        left: 2px;
        top: 10px;
        width: 6px;
        height: 6px;
        background: var(--primary-color);
        border-radius: 1px;
    }

    .custom-bullet-list li strong {
        color: #fff;
        font-weight: 600;
    }

    html {
        scroll-behavior: smooth;
    }

    body {
        font-family: var(--font-body);
        background-color: var(--bg-color);
        color: var(--text-color);
        line-height: 1.7;
        /* Increased for better readability */
        overflow-x: hidden;
    }

    /* Background Canvas */
    #particleCanvas {
        position: fixed;
        top: 0;
        left: 0;
        width: 100%;
        height: 100%;
        z-index: -1;
        pointer-events: none;
        opacity: 0.6;
    }

    /* Utilities */
    .glass-panel {
        background: rgba(18, 20, 24, 0.95);
        /* Replaced backdrop-filter blur with near-solid dark background to fix scroll jank */
        border: 1px solid var(--surface-border);
        border-radius: 16px;
        padding: 40px;
        /* Increased internal padding for breathing room */
        transition: var(--transition);
    }

    .glass-panel:hover {
        border-color: rgba(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b), 0.3);
        box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
    }

    /* Page Navigation Utility */
    .hidden-page {
        display: none !important;
    }

    .text-center {
        text-align: center;
    }

    .content-media {
        width: 100%;
        height: auto;
        border-radius: 16px;
        box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
        object-fit: cover;
        display: block;
    }

    .bg-white {
        background-color: #ffffff;
        padding: 15px;
        /* Add padding to give whitespace around the png content inside the rounded box */
        object-fit: contain;
        /* Ensure the image fits inside the padding */
    }

    .mt-2 {
        margin-top: 0.5rem;
    }

    .mt-3 {
        margin-top: 1rem;
    }

    .mt-4 {
        margin-top: 1.5rem;
    }

    .mt-5 {
        margin-top: 3rem;
    }

    .mb-5 {
        margin-bottom: 3rem;
    }

    .accent-text {
        color: var(--primary-color);
        font-weight: 600;
    }

    .small-text {
        font-size: 0.85rem;
        color: var(--text-muted);
    }

    /* Typography */
    h1,
    h2,
    h3,
    h4,
    h5,
    h6 {
        font-family: var(--font-heading);
        font-weight: 700;
        line-height: 1.2;
    }

    /* Navigation */
    #navbar {
        position: fixed;
        top: 0;
        width: 100%;
        padding: 15px 0;
        z-index: 1000;
        transition: var(--transition);
        background: rgba(5, 5, 5, 0.95);
        backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--surface-border);
    }



    .nav-container {
        max-width: 1200px;
        margin: 0 auto;
        padding: 0 20px;
        display: flex;
        justify-content: space-between;
        align-items: center;
    }

    .logo {
        text-decoration: none;
        font-family: var(--font-heading);
        font-size: 1.8rem;
        font-weight: 900;
        letter-spacing: 1px;
    }

    .logo .mars {
        color: var(--primary-color);
    }

    .logo .lab {
        color: var(--text-color);
    }

    .nav-links {
        display: flex;
        list-style: none;
        gap: 30px;
    }

    .nav-links li a {
        color: var(--text-color);
        text-decoration: none;
        font-weight: 500;
        font-size: 1rem;
        position: relative;
        padding-bottom: 5px;
        transition: var(--transition);
    }

    .nav-links li a:hover,
    .nav-links li a.active {
        color: var(--primary-color);
    }

    .nav-links li a::after {
        content: '';
        position: absolute;
        bottom: 0;
        left: 0;
        width: 0;
        height: 2px;
        background: var(--primary-color);
        transition: var(--transition);
        box-shadow: 0 0 8px var(--primary-glow);
    }

    .nav-links li a:hover::after,
    .nav-links li a.active::after {
        width: 100%;
    }

    .hamburger {
        display: none;
        font-size: 1.5rem;
        cursor: pointer;
        color: var(--text-color);
    }

    /* Hero Section */
    .hero {
        min-height: 100vh;
        display: flex;
        flex-direction: column;
        justify-content: center;
        align-items: center;
        text-align: center;
        position: relative;
        padding: 170px 0 20px;
        /* Removed side padding from 20px to 0 */
        z-index: 10;
        overflow-x: hidden;
        /* Added to prevent horizontal scrollbars if elements overflow slightly */
    }

    .hero-content {
        max-width: 1000px;
        z-index: 2;
        margin-top: auto;
        padding: 0 20px;
        /* Restored side padding here */
    }

    .glitch {
        font-size: 6rem;
        font-weight: 900;
        text-transform: uppercase;
        position: relative;
        color: var(--text-color);
        text-shadow: 0 0 20px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
        margin-bottom: 10px;
    }

    .univ-title {
        font-family: var(--font-heading);
        font-size: 1.5rem;
        font-weight: 500;
        color: var(--text-muted);
        letter-spacing: 1px;
        line-height: 1.4;
    }

    .univ-logo {
        height: 1.4em;
        width: auto;
        vertical-align: middle;
        margin-right: 8px;
        position: relative;
        top: -2px;
    }

    .hero h2 {
        font-size: 2rem;
        font-weight: 400;
        color: var(--text-muted);
        margin-bottom: 20px;
    }

    .hero h2 .highlight {
        color: var(--primary-color);
        font-weight: 700;
    }

    .kor-subtitle {
        font-size: 1.2rem;
        color: var(--text-muted);
        margin-bottom: 40px;
        font-weight: 300;
    }

    .btn {
        display: inline-block;
        padding: 15px 35px;
        border-radius: 50px;
        font-weight: 600;
        text-decoration: none;
        transition: var(--transition);
        font-family: var(--font-heading);
        letter-spacing: 0.5px;
    }

    .btn-primary {
        background: linear-gradient(45deg, var(--primary-color), var(--secondary-color));
        color: #fff;
        box-shadow: 0 4px 15px var(--primary-glow);
        border: none;
        margin-right: 15px;
    }

    .btn-primary:hover {
        transform: translateY(-3px);
        box-shadow: 0 8px 25px var(--primary-glow);
    }

    .btn-secondary {
        background: transparent;
        color: var(--text-color);
        border: 1px solid var(--surface-border);
        backdrop-filter: blur(5px);
    }

    .btn-secondary:hover {
        background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);
        border-color: var(--text-color);
        transform: translateY(-3px);
    }

    .hero-buttons {
        display: flex;
        justify-content: center;
        gap: 20px;
    }

    .scroll-indicator {
        position: relative;
        /* Removed absolute positioning */
        width: 100%;
        margin-top: auto;
        /* Pushes indicator to the very bottom securely */
        padding-top: 40px;
        /* Space above it so it doesn't touch the banner */
        padding-bottom: 20px;
        display: flex;
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: center;
        opacity: 0.7;
        animation: bounce 2s infinite;
    }

    .scroll-indicator p {
        font-size: 0.8rem;
        text-transform: uppercase;
        letter-spacing: 2px;
        margin-top: 10px;
    }

    .mouse {
        width: 26px;
        height: 40px;
        border: 2px solid var(--text-color);
        border-radius: 20px;
        position: relative;
    }

    .wheel {
        width: 4px;
        height: 8px;
        background: var(--primary-color);
        border-radius: 2px;
        position: absolute;
        top: 6px;
        left: 50%;
        transform: translateX(-50%);
        animation: scroll 1.5s infinite;
    }

    @keyframes scroll {
        0% {
            top: 6px;
            opacity: 1;
        }

        100% {
            top: 20px;
            opacity: 0;
        }
    }

    @keyframes bounce {

        0%,
        20%,
        50%,
        80%,
        100% {
            transform: translateY(0);
        }

        40% {
            transform: translateY(-10px);
        }

        60% {
            transform: translateY(-5px);
        }
    }

    /* General Sections */
    .section {
        padding: 100px 0;
        position: relative;
        scroll-margin-top: 80px;
        /* Offset for the fixed navbar */
    }

    .alt-bg {
        background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(10, 11, 16, 0.3) 0%, rgba(20, 22, 30, 0.2) 100%);
    }

    .section-container {
        max-width: 1200px;
        margin: 0 auto;
        padding: 0 24px;
        /* Added left/right padding to prevent touching edges on mobile */
    }

    .section-header {
        text-align: center;
        margin-bottom: 60px;
    }

    .section-title {
        font-size: 3rem;
        /* Increased from 2.5rem to 3rem for stronger hierarchy */
        margin-bottom: 20px;
        color: #fff;
        text-transform: uppercase;
        letter-spacing: 2px;
    }

    .underline {
        width: 80px;
        height: 4px;
        background: var(--primary-color);
        margin: 15px auto 0;
        border-radius: 2px;
        box-shadow: 0 0 10px var(--primary-glow);
    }

    /* Research Section */
    /* Bento Box Grid */
    .bento-grid {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: repeat(12, 1fr);
        grid-auto-rows: minmax(var(--bento-height), auto);
        /* Controlled by :root variable */
        gap: 30px;
        margin-bottom: 60px;
    }

    .bento-item {
        position: relative;
        width: 100%;
        min-height: var(--bento-height);
        display: flex;
        flex-direction: column;
        justify-content: flex-end;
        border-radius: 24px;
        overflow: hidden;
        cursor: pointer;
        background: #000;
        /* Match PNG true black background */
        border: 1px solid rgba(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b), 0.35);
        box-shadow: 0 0 20px rgba(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b), 0.25);
        /* Stronger neon glow on rest */
        transition: transform 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275), box-shadow 0.4s ease, border-color 0.4s ease;
    }

    .bento-item:hover {
        transform: translateY(-8px);
        box-shadow: 0 20px 40px rgba(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b), 0.2);
        border-color: rgba(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b), 0.4);
        background: #000;
        /* Keep solid black on hover */
        z-index: 10;
    }

    .bento-media {
        position: absolute;
        top: 50%;
        /* Centered align */
        right: 5%;
        left: auto;
        transform: translateY(-50%);
        width: 28%;
        height: 85%;
        object-fit: contain;
        object-position: center right;
        opacity: 0.9;
        transition: opacity 0.4s ease, transform 0.4s ease;
    }

    .bento-item:hover .bento-media {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(-50%) scale(1.05);
        /* Ensure hover transform matches the new baseline */
    }

    .bento-overlay {
        position: absolute;
        bottom: 0;
        left: 0;
        width: 100%;
        height: 70%;
        background: linear-gradient(to top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.95) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6) 40%, transparent 100%);
        pointer-events: none;
    }

    .bento-content {
        position: relative;
        z-index: 2;
        width: 65%;
        /* Prevent text from overlapping right side image */
        padding: 35px;
        pointer-events: none;
        display: flex;
        flex-direction: column;
        justify-content: flex-end;
        flex-grow: 1;
    }

    .bento-content h3 {
        color: #fff;
        font-size: 2rem;
        font-weight: 800;
        margin-bottom: 15px;
        text-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
        transition: color 0.3s;
        line-height: 1.2;
    }

    .bento-item:hover .bento-content h3 {
        color: var(--primary-color);
    }

    .bento-content p {
        color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
        font-size: 1.1rem;
        line-height: 1.5;
        margin-bottom: 0;
        display: -webkit-box;
        -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
        line-clamp: 2;
        -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
        overflow: hidden;
    }

    .bento-badge {
        align-self: flex-start;
        background: var(--primary-color);
        color: #fff;
        padding: 6px 16px;
        border-radius: 20px;
        font-size: 0.85rem;
        font-weight: 700;
        letter-spacing: 1px;
        text-transform: uppercase;
        margin-bottom: 15px;
        box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b), 0.4);
    }

    .bento-action {
        margin-top: 20px;
        color: var(--primary-color);
        font-size: 1rem;
        font-weight: 600;
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateY(15px);
        transition: opacity 0.3s ease, transform 0.3s ease;
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        gap: 8px;
    }

    .bento-item:hover .bento-action {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0);
    }

    /* Bento Accordion Expandable Row */
    .bento-wrapper {
        position: relative;
        display: flex;
        flex-direction: column;
        padding: 5px;
        /* Added to secure border overlaps from breaking out of wrapper bounds */
    }

    /* Base Grid Placements */
    .bento-large {
        grid-column: span 8;
        grid-row: span 2;
    }

    .bento-medium {
        grid-column: span 4;
        grid-row: span 1;
    }

    .bento-wide {
        grid-column: span 12;
        grid-row: span 1;
        /* By default it takes 1 row */
    }

    /* Expanded State for Action Button */
    .bento-item.expanded .bento-action i {
        transform: rotate(180deg);
    }

    /* Expendable Details Container */
    .bento-details {
        overflow: hidden;
        max-height: 0;
        opacity: 0;
        transition: max-height 0.6s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1), opacity 0.4s ease, margin-top 0.4s ease;
        width: 100%;
        /* We want this to span full width under the item */
    }

    .bento-wrapper.expanded .bento-details {
        opacity: 1;
        margin-top: 20px;
        margin-bottom: 20px;
    }

    .details-inner {
        background: rgba(18, 20, 24, 0.85);
        /* Slightly transparent to match the dark theme */
        border: 1px solid var(--surface-border);
        border-radius: 24px;
        padding: 40px;
        box-shadow: inset 0 0 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
    }

    /* Glassmorphism Panels */
    .glass-panel {
        background: #000;
        /* Match PNG true black background for consistency */
        border: 1px solid rgba(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b), 0.35);
        border-radius: 16px;
        padding: 40px;
        box-shadow: 0 0 20px rgba(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b), 0.25);
        /* Strong resting neon glow */
        transition: transform 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275), box-shadow 0.4s ease, border-color 0.4s ease;
    }

    .glass-panel:hover {
        transform: translateY(-5px);
        box-shadow: 0 20px 40px rgba(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b), 0.4);
        /* Stronger colored neon glow on hover */
        border-color: rgba(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b), 0.6);
        background: #000;
    }

    /* Adjustments for elements inside Expanded Details */
    .bento-details .sub-topic {
        margin-top: 40px;
    }

    .bento-highlight-box {
        display: inline-block;
        background: rgba(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b), 0.1);
        border: 1px solid rgba(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b), 0.3);
        padding: 15px 20px;
        border-radius: 8px;
        margin-top: 20px;
        margin-bottom: 30px;
        /* Ensures consistent spacing below the highlight box */
        font-size: 1.05rem;
    }

    .bento-details .media-container {
        box-shadow: none;
        border-radius: 12px;
        background: transparent;
        padding: 10px;
        margin-top: 20px;
        /* Ensures consistent spacing above media globally */
    }

    .bento-details .media-column {
        margin-top: 30px;
    }

    @media (max-width: 992px) {

        .bento-large,
        .bento-medium,
        .bento-wide {
            grid-column: span 12;
        }

        .bento-grid {
            grid-auto-rows: auto;
        }

        .bento-item {
            min-height: 300px;
        }

        .bento-content {
            width: 100%;
            padding: 25px;
        }

        .bento-media {
            width: 45%;
            height: 70%;
            opacity: 0.25;
            right: -5%;
        }

        .bento-item:hover .bento-media {
            opacity: 0.35;
            transform: translateY(-50%) scale(1.02);
        }
    }

    /* Keep existing variables for backward compatibility */
    .research-topic {
        margin-bottom: 80px;
    }

    .research-grid {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));
        gap: 30px;
        margin-bottom: 50px;
    }

    .research-card {
        background: #000;
        /* Match PNG true black background for consistency */
        border: 1px solid rgba(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b), 0.35);
        border-radius: 16px;
        padding: 30px;
        text-align: center;
        transition: transform 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275), box-shadow 0.4s ease, border-color 0.4s ease;
        position: relative;
        overflow: hidden;
        display: flex;
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: center;
        box-shadow: 0 0 20px rgba(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b), 0.25);
        /* Strong resting neon glow matching bento item */
    }

    .research-card::before {
        content: '';
        position: absolute;
        top: 0;
        left: 0;
        width: 100%;
        height: 4px;
        background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--primary-color), var(--secondary-color));
        transform: scaleX(0);
        transform-origin: left;
        transition: transform 0.4s ease;
    }

    .research-card:hover {
        transform: translateY(-10px);
        box-shadow: 0 20px 40px rgba(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b), 0.4);
        /* Stronger colored neon glow on hover */
        border-color: rgba(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b), 0.6);
        background: #000;
        z-index: 10;
    }

    .research-card:hover::before {
        transform: scaleX(1);
    }

    .research-img {
        width: 100%;
        max-width: 320px;
        height: auto;
        max-height: 240px;
        object-fit: contain;
        margin-bottom: 25px;
        border-radius: 16px;
        /* Invert for dark background, screen blending removes black, subtle sepia for theme */
        filter: invert(1) sepia(0) hue-rotate(180deg) brightness(0.9) contrast(1.2);
        mix-blend-mode: screen;
        opacity: 0.85;
        transition: var(--transition);
    }

    .research-card:hover .research-img {
        filter: var(--theme-image-filter);
        opacity: 1;
        transform: scale(1.05);
    }

    .card-icon {
        font-size: 3rem;
        color: var(--primary-color);
        margin-bottom: 20px;
        text-shadow: 0 0 15px var(--primary-glow);
    }

    .research-card h3 {
        font-size: 1.5rem;
        margin-bottom: 20px;
        color: #fff;
    }

    .research-card ul {
        list-style: none;
        text-align: left;
        color: var(--text-muted);
    }

    .research-card ul li {
        margin-bottom: 10px;
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
    }

    .research-card ul li i {
        color: var(--primary-color);
        margin-right: 10px;
        font-size: 0.9rem;
    }

    .research-description {
        margin-bottom: 50px;
    }

    .research-description p {
        margin-bottom: 15px;
    }

    .research-description strong {
        color: #fff;
    }

    .research-details-grid {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(400px, 1fr));
        gap: 30px;
    }

    .details-list h3 {
        font-size: 1.4rem;
        margin-bottom: 25px;
        color: var(--primary-color);
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        gap: 12px;
        font-weight: 700;
    }

    .details-list h3 i {
        color: #fff;
        font-size: 1.2rem;
    }

    .styled-list {
        list-style: none;
    }

    .styled-list li {
        position: relative;
        padding-left: 28px;
        margin-bottom: 18px;
        color: var(--text-muted);
        font-size: 1.05rem;
        line-height: 1.6;
    }

    .styled-list li::before {
        content: '■';
        position: absolute;
        left: 0;
        top: 2px;
        color: var(--primary-color);
        font-size: 1.2rem;
        line-height: 1;
    }

    .styled-list li strong {
        color: #fff;
        font-weight: 600;
        letter-spacing: 0.3px;
    }

    .styled-list li span {
        font-size: 0.95rem;
        opacity: 0.8;
        display: block;
        margin-top: 4px;
    }

    /* Professor Section */
    .profile-container {
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        gap: 50px;
    }

    .profile-image-wrapper {
        flex: 0 0 250px;
    }

    .profile-img {
        width: 270px;
        height: 350px;
        object-fit: cover;
        border-radius: 16px;
        border: 1px solid rgba(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b), 0.35);
        /* Match neon border */
        box-shadow: 0 0 20px rgba(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b), 0.25);
        /* Match neon resting glow */
        filter: brightness(0.85) contrast(1.05) grayscale(0.1);
        transition: transform 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275), box-shadow 0.4s ease, border-color 0.4s ease, filter 0.4s ease;
    }

    .profile-img:hover {
        /* More pronounced hover effect */
        box-shadow: 0 20px 40px rgba(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b), 0.4);
        border-color: rgba(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b), 0.8);
        filter: brightness(1.0) contrast(1.1);
        transform: translateY(-5px);
    }

    .profile-info h2 {
        font-size: 2.5rem;
        margin-bottom: 10px;
        color: #fff;
    }

    .profile-info h3 {
        font-size: 1.2rem;
        margin-bottom: 15px;
    }

    .profile-info .department {
        color: var(--text-muted);
        margin-bottom: 25px;
        font-size: 1.1rem;
    }

    .contact-badges {
        display: flex;
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 12px;
    }

    .badge {
        display: inline-flex;
        align-items: center;
        gap: 10px;
        background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03);
        padding: 10px 15px;
        border-radius: 8px;
        border: 1px solid var(--surface-border);
        color: var(--text-color);
        font-size: 0.95rem;
    }

    .badge i {
        color: var(--primary-color);
    }

    /* Timeline */
    .timeline {
        position: relative;
        max-width: 800px;
        margin: 0 auto;
    }

    .timeline::after {
        content: '';
        position: absolute;
        width: 2px;
        background: var(--surface-border);
        top: 0;
        bottom: 0;
        left: 20px;
    }

    .timeline-item {
        position: relative;
        padding-left: 60px;
        margin-bottom: 30px;
    }

    .timeline-item::after {
        content: '';
        position: absolute;
        width: 16px;
        height: 16px;
        background: var(--bg-color);
        border: 3px solid var(--primary-color);
        border-radius: 50%;
        left: 13px;
        top: 5px;
        z-index: 1;
        box-shadow: 0 0 10px var(--primary-glow);
    }

    /* Special overrides for Timeline panels to keep them clean */
    .timeline .glass-panel {
        background: var(--surface-color);
        backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
        border: 1px solid var(--surface-border);
        box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
    }

    .timeline .glass-panel:hover {
        transform: translateY(-5px);
        box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
        border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
        background: rgba(18, 20, 24, 0.95);
    }

    .timeline-date {
        font-family: var(--font-heading);
        font-weight: 700;
        color: var(--primary-color);
        margin-bottom: 10px;
        letter-spacing: 1px;
    }

    .timeline-content h4 {
        color: #fff;
        margin-bottom: 5px;
    }

    .timeline-content p {
        color: var(--text-color);
        margin-bottom: 5px;
    }

    /* Activities Grid */
    .activities-grid {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(350px, 1fr));
        gap: 30px;
        align-items: start;
    }

    .activity-header {
        display: flex;
        justify-content: space-between;
        align-items: center;
        margin-bottom: 20px;
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--surface-border);
        padding-bottom: 15px;
    }

    .activity-header h4 {
        color: #fff;
    }

    .activity-date {
        font-size: 0.85rem;
        color: var(--primary-color);
        font-weight: 600;
    }

    .activity-card ul {
        list-style: none;
    }

    .activity-card ul li {
        position: relative;
        padding-left: 20px;
        margin-bottom: 10px;
        color: var(--text-muted);
        font-size: 0.95rem;
    }

    .activity-card ul li::before {
        content: '-';
        position: absolute;
        left: 0;
        color: var(--text-muted);
    }

    /* Publications Section */
    .author-legend {
        display: flex;
        justify-content: flex-end;
        gap: 20px;
        color: var(--text-muted);
        font-size: 0.9rem;
    }

    .author-legend strong {
        color: var(--primary-color);
    }

    .paper-group {
        margin-bottom: 30px;
    }

    .group-header {
        display: flex;
        justify-content: space-between;
        align-items: center;
        margin-bottom: 20px;
        padding-bottom: 10px;
        border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    }

    .group-header h4 {
        font-size: 1.3rem;
        color: #fff;
    }

    .jcr-badge {
        background: rgba(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b), 0.15);
        color: var(--primary-color);
        padding: 5px 12px;
        border-radius: 20px;
        font-size: 0.85rem;
        font-weight: 700;
        border: 1px solid rgba(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b), 0.3);
    }

    .paper-list {
        list-style: none;
    }

    .paper-list li {
        margin-bottom: 15px;
        padding-left: 25px;
        position: relative;
        color: var(--text-muted);
        line-height: 1.5;
    }

    .paper-list li::before {
        content: '\f15c';
        /* FontAwesome file-alt icon */
        font-family: 'Font Awesome 6 Free';
        font-weight: 400;
        /* Use regular weight for nicer document icon */
        position: absolute;
        left: 0;
        top: -1px;
        color: var(--primary-color);
        font-size: 1.1rem;
        opacity: 0.9;
    }

    .paper-list li strong {
        color: #e2e8f0;
    }

    .paper-list li em {
        color: #fff;
        font-style: italic;
    }

    .paper-list li a,
    .paper-list li span.hover-effect {
        color: inherit;
        text-decoration: none;
        transition: color 0.3s;
        cursor: pointer;
    }

    .paper-list li a:hover,
    .paper-list li span.hover-effect:hover {
        color: var(--primary-color);
    }

    /* Tabs */
    .publications-tabs {
        display: flex;
        justify-content: center;
        gap: 15px;
        margin-bottom: 30px;
    }

    .tab-btn {
        background: transparent;
        border: 1px solid var(--surface-border);
        color: var(--text-color);
        padding: 10px 30px;
        border-radius: 30px;
        cursor: pointer;
        font-family: var(--font-heading);
        font-weight: 600;
        font-size: 1rem;
        transition: var(--transition);
    }

    .tab-btn:hover {
        border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
    }

    .tab-btn.active {
        background: var(--primary-color);
        border-color: var(--primary-color);
        color: #fff;
        box-shadow: 0 0 15px var(--primary-glow);
    }

    .year-heading {
        font-size: 1.2rem;
        color: var(--primary-color);
        margin-bottom: 15px;
        border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--surface-border);
        padding-bottom: 10px;
    }

    /* Recruitment Banner */
    .recruitment-banner {
        background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b), 0.1) 0%, rgba(20, 22, 30, 0.8) 50%, rgba(var(--theme-secondary-r), var(--theme-secondary-g), var(--theme-secondary-b), 0.1) 100%);
        border-top: 1px solid rgba(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b), 0.2);
        border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b), 0.2);
        padding: 40px 20px;
        text-align: center;
        position: relative;
        backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
        width: 100vw;
        max-width: 100vw;
        margin-left: calc(-50vw + 50%);
        margin-right: calc(-50vw + 50%);
        z-index: 5;
    }

    .banner-content {
        max-width: 900px;
        margin: 0 auto;
        display: flex;
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: center;
        gap: 15px;
    }

    .banner-content-header {
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: center;
        gap: 10px;
    }

    .pulse-dot {
        width: 10px;
        height: 10px;
        background-color: var(--primary-color);
        border-radius: 50%;
        display: inline-block;
        box-shadow: 0 0 10px var(--primary-color);
        animation: pulse 2s infinite;
    }

    .banner-title {
        color: #fff;
        font-size: 1.5rem;
        margin: 0;
        letter-spacing: 0.5px;
    }

    .banner-desc {
        color: var(--text-muted);
        font-size: 1.1rem;
        margin: 0;
    }

    .banner-desc strong {
        color: #fff;
    }

    .banner-btn {
        margin-top: 10px;
        padding: 10px 25px;
        font-size: 0.95rem;
    }

    @keyframes pulse {
        0% {
            transform: scale(0.95);
            box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b), 0.7);
        }

        70% {
            transform: scale(1);
            box-shadow: 0 0 0 10px rgba(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b), 0);
        }

        100% {
            transform: scale(0.95);
            box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(var(--theme-primary-r), var(--theme-primary-g), var(--theme-primary-b), 0);
        }
    }

    /* Footer */
    .footer {
        background: #030303;
        border-top: 1px solid var(--surface-border);
        padding: 60px 20px 20px;
    }

    .footer-container {
        max-width: 1200px;
        margin: 0 auto 40px;
        display: flex;
        gap: 50px;
        justify-content: space-between;
    }

    .footer-info {
        flex: 1;
    }

    .footer-logo {
        font-family: var(--font-heading);
        font-size: 2.8rem;
        /* Increased font size */
        font-weight: 900;
        margin-bottom: 10px;
    }

    .footer-logo .mars {
        color: var(--primary-color);
    }

    .footer-logo .lab {
        color: var(--text-color);
    }

    .contact-details h3 {
        font-size: 1.2rem;
        margin-bottom: 15px;
        color: #fff;
    }

    .contact-details p {
        margin-bottom: 10px;
        color: var(--text-muted);
    }

    .contact-details p i {
        width: 25px;
        color: var(--primary-color);
    }

    .contact-details a {
        color: var(--text-muted);
        text-decoration: none;
        transition: color 0.3s;
    }

    .contact-details a:hover {
        color: var(--primary-color);
    }



    .footer-bottom {
        text-align: center;
        border-top: 1px solid var(--surface-border);
        padding-top: 20px;
        color: var(--text-muted);
        font-size: 0.9rem;
    }

    /* Responsive Design */
    @media (max-width: 992px) {
        .profile-container {
            flex-direction: column;
            text-align: center;
        }

        .contact-badges {
            align-items: center;
        }
    }

    @media (max-width: 768px) {
        .univ-title {
            font-size: 1rem;
        }

        .nav-links {
            position: absolute;
            top: 100%;
            left: 0;
            width: 100%;
            background: rgba(5, 5, 5, 0.95);
            backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
            flex-direction: column;
            text-align: center;
            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--surface-border);
            /* Slide down transition setup */
            max-height: 0;
            padding: 0;
            overflow: hidden;
            opacity: 0;
            transition: max-height 0.4s ease, padding 0.4s ease, opacity 0.4s ease;
        }

        .nav-links.active {
            max-height: 400px;
            padding: 20px 0;
            opacity: 1;
        }

        .hamburger {
            display: block;
        }

        .hero {
            padding-top: 120px;
        }

        .glitch {
            font-size: 3.5rem;
        }

        .hero h2 {
            font-size: 1.3rem;
        }

        .kor-subtitle {
            font-size: 1rem;
        }

        .hero-buttons {
            flex-direction: column;
        }

        .btn-primary {
            margin-right: 0;
            margin-bottom: 10px;
        }

        .section {
            padding: 100px 0 60px 0;
        }

        .section-title {
            font-size: 2.2rem;
        }

        .research-details-grid {
            grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        }

        .bento-wrapper.expanded .bento-details {
            margin-top: 10px;
            margin-bottom: 10px;
        }

        .details-inner {
            padding: 20px;
        }

        .footer-container {
            flex-direction: column;
        }

        .bento-content h3 {
            font-size: 1.3rem;
            margin-bottom: 10px;
        }

        .bento-content p {
            font-size: 0.95rem;
        }

        .bento-grid {
            /* allow larger mobile bento boxes to prevent content pushing up */
            grid-auto-rows: auto;
        }

        .bento-item {
            margin-top: 5px;
            /* Added spacing to stop mobile overlap from above text */
            min-height: 220px;
        }

        .profile-img {
            width: 100%;
            max-width: 300px;
            height: auto;
        }
    }

    @media (max-width: 480px) {
        .univ-title {
            font-size: 0.85rem;
        }

        .glitch {
            font-size: 2.5rem;
        }

        .timeline::after {
            left: 10px;
        }

        .timeline-item {
            padding-left: 35px;
        }

        .timeline-item::after {
            left: 3px;
            width: 12px;
            height: 12px;
        }
    }
}

/* ========================================================================= */
/* UTILITY & COMPONENT CLASSES (Extracted from inline styles)               */
/* ========================================================================= */

.flex-align-center {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.flex-col-center {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
}

.flex-row-wrap {
    display: flex;
    gap: 20px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.flex-1-min-300 {
    flex: 1;
    min-width: 300px;
}

.logo-header {
    gap: 10px;
}

.logo-img {
    height: 28px;
    width: auto;
}

.univ-title-wrapper {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    text-align: center;
    max-width: 90vw;
}

.fw-500 {
    font-weight: 500;
}

.my-40 {
    margin-top: 40px;
    margin-bottom: 40px;
}

.ml-5 {
    margin-left: 5px;
}

.pt-50 {
    padding-top: 50px;
}

.cursor-pointer {
    cursor: pointer;
}

.my-80-40 {
    margin-top: 80px;
    margin-bottom: 40px;
}

.disclaimer-wrapper {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    margin-bottom: 35px;
}

.disclaimer-box {
    text-align: right;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.02);
    padding: 10px 15px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);
}

.disclaimer-icon {
    color: var(--primary-color);
    margin-right: 6px;
}

.topic-intro-text {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.topic-intro-title {
    display: block;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    color: #fff;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.sub-topic-border {
    border-left: 3px solid var(--primary-color);
    padding-left: 20px;
}

.sub-topic-title {
    color: #fff;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

.sub-topic-desc {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.sub-topic-desc-title {
    display: block;
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.future-work-badge {
    background: #555555 !important;
}

.future-box {
    padding: 60px 20px;
    border: 1px dashed rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
    border-radius: 16px;
}

.future-icon {
    font-size: 3rem;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.future-text {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
}

.prof-role {
    font-size: 1.4rem;
}

.prof-dept {
    font-size: 1.15rem;
}

.timeline-title {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
}

.timeline-desc {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
}

.timeline-subdesc {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.mt-30 {
    margin-top: 30px;
}

.mt-10 {
    margin-top: 10px;
}

.mb-15 {
    margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.text-right {
    text-align: right;
}

.last-updated {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.footer-logo-wrapper {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 15px;
    margin-bottom: -5px;
}

.footer-logo-img {
    height: 45px;
    width: auto;
    opacity: 1;
}

.mb-0 {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.primary-text {
    color: var(--primary-color);
}